Tuesday, December 8, 2009
CUM China a devenit China...
China (chineză tradiţională: 中国; chineză simplificată: 中国 Hanyu PinYin: Zhōngguó) este o regiune culturală, o civilizaţie antică, şi, în funcţie de perspectivă, o entitate naţională sau multinaţională extinsă pe o suprafaţă mare în Asia de Est.
China are una dintre cele mai vechi civilizaţii din lume, compusă din state şi culturi datând mai mult de şase milenii. Ea are cel mai vechi sistem de limbă scrisă utilizat în lume şi este privit ca sursa a numeroase invenţii. Istoric, cultura Chinei şi-a extins sfera de influenţă peste Asia de Est prin religie, tradiţii, precum şi prin sisteme de scriere, fiind adoptate de diferite culturi învecinate, cum ar fi Japonia, Coreea şi Vietnam. Primele dovezi ale prezenţei umane în regiune au fost găsite într-o peşteră din Zhoukoudian şi este unul din primele exemple de Homo erectus, acum cunoscut sub numele de Omul din Peking, estimat aproximativ că a trăit de la 300,000 la 550,000 de ani în urmă.
Republica Populară Chineză a fost proclamată la 1 octombrie 1949, după victoria militară a Partidului Comunist Chinez asupra Kuomintang-ului. Cu toate acestea, China în sine este cea mai veche civilizaţie existentă astăzi, are o istorie de peste 5000 de ani. Aceasta este acum o Republica Socialistă, reglementată de un singur partid care are un control asupra celor douăzeci şi două de provincii, cinci regiuni autonome, patru municipalităţi şi două regiuni administrative speciale (Hong Kong şi Macau).
China este una dintre cele cinci membri permanenţi de Securitate al ONU, precum şi membru al Organizatiei pentru Cooperare din Shanghai. În prezent, "Regatul de Mojloc" este clasat pe locul al doilea ca mare economie prin calcul din PIB în paritatea puterii de cumpărare şi a treia de către criteriul monetar. În mod oficial ţară comunistă, Republica Populară Chineză a adoptat o economie socialistă de piaţă în cazul în care liberalismul economic şi controlul politic autoritar intervin împreună într-o formulă specifică.
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