Thursday, November 19, 2009
Ce este un radical chinezesc?
Termenul de radical este cel mai frecvent folosit pentru a se referi la anteturile secţiunilor a unui dicţionar chinez (部首 bùshǒu), de asemenea, cunoscut ca indicele de chei sau a clasificatorilor. Acestea sunt utilizate pentru a indexa caracterele chinezeşti în dicţionare. Sistemul de indexare ajuta la indexarea caracterele chinezeşti de-a lungul veacurilor, de la caractere Shuōwén Jiézì la cele moderne. Termenul radical a fost contestat de către unii, din cauza confuziei pe scară largă cu privire la implicaţiile sale semantice. La un moment dat radicalul sa referea la componenta semantică a unui caracter chinezesc, pentru că cele mai multe (dar nu toate) din antete ale secţiunilor dicţionarului sunt strâns legate cu sensul caracterelor care sunt enumerate sub ele. Există o opinie larg răspândită că aceste antete sunt întotdeauna, prin definiţie, semantice. Dar acest lucru nu este întotdeauna cazul. De exemplu, 木 in 沐 este un element fonetic. , şi nu un radical. O altă neînţelegere comună este faptul că radicală înseamnă orice componentă a unui caracter. Dar acest lucru este incompatibil cu toate utilizările termenului de-a lungul istoriei.
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